Nobel Prize Winner

The Nobel Prize is considered to be the highest honor given to scientists, writers and peacemakers (individuals, politicians or organizations).
The award goes back to the Swedish chemist, inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel (1833–1896).

Nobel had stipulated in his will that a foundation should be established with his fortune, the interest profits of which should be given in the form of a prize to the people who had rendered the greatest benefit to mankind in the past year.

The money should be divided equally for special achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine as well as literature and for peace efforts.
The Nobel Foundation was established – following Nobel’s request – on June 29, 1900 and in 1901 the first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901.
The winners will be announced in October, while the official award ceremony will take place on December 10 – the anniversary of Nobel’s death – with the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize in Stockholm.

The Nobel Peace Prize is presented in Oslo.

In 1866 Alfred Nobel developed the explosive “dynamite”. There is evidence that his conscience, because of the use of explosives as a weapon of war, led him to write his will to establish the Nobel Foundation.

However, there is no reliable evidence for this interpretation.

Note
Only those Nobel Laureates who were British citizens at the time of award are listed here.

Nobel Peace Prize Laureate

Award winner	Award	Reason for the award
John Hume (born 1937)	1998	Together with David Trimble from Northern Ireland: For your efforts to find a peaceful solution to the Northern Ireland conflict
David Trimble (born 1944)	1998	Together with John Hume from Northern Ireland: For your efforts to find a peaceful solution to the Northern Ireland conflict
John Richard Hicks Polish-British physicist (1904-1989)	1995	Along with the Canadian Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs: For their efforts to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in international politics
Amnesty International (founded in 1961 in London)	1977	For their commitment to political prisoners
Betty Williams (born 1943)	Awarded in 1976, obtained in 1977	Together with Mairead Corrigan from Northern Ireland: Founders of the “Northern Ireland Peace Movement” (now called: “Community of Peace People”)
Mairead Corrigan (born 1944)	Awarded in 1976, obtained in 1977	Together with Betty Williams from Northern Ireland: Founders of the “Northern Ireland Peace Movement” (now called: “Community of Peace People”)
Philip Noel-Baker (1889-1982)	1959	For his commitment to international peace
John Boyd Orr (1880-1971)	1949	Organizer and Director of the General Food and Agricultural Organization President of the National Peace Council and the World Union of Peace Organizations
The Friends Service Council (Quaker Peace and Social Witness)	1947	Quakerism (founded in the mid 17th century) represented by “The Friends Service Council” in London and “The American Friends Service Committee in Washington” (awarded to both)
Robert Cecil 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (1864-1958)	1937	Founder and President of the International Peace Campaign
Arthur Henderson (1863-1935)	1934	Chairman of the Conference on the Disarmament of the League of Nations (1932-1934)
Norman Angell (1874-1967)	Awarded in 1933, received in 1934	Member of the Executive Commission of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council
Austen Chamberlain (1863-1937)	Awarded in 1925, received in 1926	Negotiating partner for the Locarno Treaty
William Randal Cremer (1828-1908)	1903	Founder of the “Inter-Parliamentary Union for International Arbitration

Nobel Prize in Literature

Award winner	Award	Reason for the award
Kazuo Ishiguro (born 1954 in Nagasaki)	2017	He received the award for his novels, which, with their strong emotional impact, exposed the abyss in our supposed connection with the world
Doris Lessing (1919-2013)	2007	The epic woman of female experience who, with skepticism, passion and visionary power , has set out to test a fragmented civilization
Harald Pinter (1930-2008)	2005	Who in his dramas exposes the abyss beneath everyday chatter and breaks into the closed space of oppression
VS Naipaul (born 1932)	2001	For his works, which combine sensitive storytelling and incorruptible observation and force us to see the present of suppressed history
William Golding (1911-1993	1983	For his novels, which illuminate human conditions in today’s world with the vividness of realistic storytelling and the ambiguous general validity of the my
Elias Canetti (1905-1994)	1981	For his literary work, characterized by foresight, inventiveness and artistic power “
Winston Churchill (1874-1965)	1953	For his mastery in historical and biographical presentation as well as for the brilliant eloquence with which he emerges as a defender of the highest human values
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)	1950	As a recognition for his multifaceted and meaningful authorship, in which he emerges as a champion of humanity and freedom of thought
TS Eliot (1888-1965	1948	For his notable achievement as a pioneer in today’s poetry
John Galsworthy (1867-1933)	1932	For the noble art of narrative which finds its highest expression in “The Forsyte Saga”
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950	1926 – received in 1925 – awarded	For his authorship, carried by both idealism and humanity, whose fresh satire is often combined with a peculiar poetic beauty
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)	1907	In recognition of the powers of observation, the primal imagination and the male strength in conception and portrayal that characterize the creations of this world-famous writer

Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics

Note
The Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics does not go back directly to Alfred Nobel’s will, but was donated by the Swedish Reichsbank in 1968 on the basis of the Nobel Prizes on the occasion of its 300th anniversary.
The prize was awarded for the first time in 1969 to the Norwegian Ragnar AK Frisch (1895–1973) and the Dutchman Jan Tinbergen (1903–1994).

Award winner	Award	Reason for the award
Angus Deaton US Citizen and Citizen of Great Britain (born 1945)	2015	For his analysis of consumption, poverty and welfare (welfare state)
Christopher Pissarides Cypriot-British economist (born 1948)	2010	Together with the Americans Peter A. Diamond and Dale Mortensen: For their analysis of markets with friction
Clive WJ Granger (1934-2009)	2003	For methods to analyze economic time series with mutually changing trends (cointegration)
James Mirrlees (born 1936)	1996	Together with the American William Vickrey: For their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives with different degrees of information of market participants
Ronald Coase (born 1910)	1991	For his discovery and clarification of the importance of the so-called transaction costs and the rights of disposal for the institutional structure and the functioning of the economy
Richard Stone (1913-1991)	1984	For his pioneering work in developing national accounting systems, which radically improved the basis of empirical economic analysis.
William Arthur Lewis (1915-1991	1979	Together with the American Theodore W. Schultz: For her groundbreaking work in researching economic development with special consideration of the problems of developing countries
James Edward Meade (1907-1995)	1977	Together with the Swede Bertil Ohlin: For her groundbreaking work in the field of the theory of international trade and the international movement of capital
Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992	1974	Together with the Swede Gunnar Myrdal: For her pioneering work in the field of money and business cycle theory and her profound analyzes of the mutual dependence of economic, social and institutional conditions
John Richard Hicks (1904-1989)	1972	Together with the American Kenneth Arrow: For her pioneering work on the general theory of economic equilibrium and the welfare theory